For decades, Type 1 diabetes was called juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes. Much more is known about the disease now and it is possible for adults to develop Type 1 diabetes at any point in their life.
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas manufactures too little insulin or none at all. Insulin is a hormone that enables sugar to enter the body’s cells to produce energy for performing various tasks. While diabetes can be caused by poor lifestyle choices, it most often occurs in families with a history of the disease.
However, medical science now knows that diabetes can be triggered by any of multiple types of viral infections. Researchers have also discovered that the prevalence of Type 1 diabetes increases the further away from the equator that an individual is. The immune system fights viruses, bacterial and fungal infections, but in diabetes it destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Many people erroneously believe that only children are afflicted with Type 1 diabetes. That misinformation can cause people to ignore the early warning signs of the disease and delay treatment. Individuals with diabetes will experience increased thirst, frequent urination and extreme hunger. Irritability, fatigue, and weakness can also occur, along with blurred vision and unintended weight loss.
The complications of untreated and unmanaged diabetes are severe and can lead to an early death. It drastically increases the risk of heart disease, narrowing of the arteries, and high blood pressure. Nerve damage, especially in the legs, causes numbness, tingling and pain. Neuropathy can also affect the digestive system resulting in nausea, vomiting and constipation or diarrhea.
The disease damages the eyes and can lead to blindness. Diabetes damages the kidneys, inhibits its ability to filter impurities from the blood, and can eventually lead to kidney failure. People with diabetes are more susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections, particularly of the mouth and skin, along with gum disease.
There’s no cure for Type 1 diabetes, no way to prevent it, and no way to determine exactly who will develop the disease. Even if an individual is eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise, they can still develop the disease.
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